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Archibald Henry Sayce was born in Shirehampton, Bristol, to a family of Shropshire descent.Sayce was a fragile child who suffered from tuberculosis. Although this meant he started his education late he soon caught up, aided by a private tutor. By age ten he was reading Homer in the original Greek.He attended The Queen's College, Oxford, and became a fellow in 1869.In 1874 Sayce published a long paper, 'The Astronomy and Astrology of the Babylonians'. It was one of the first publications to recognise and translate astronomical cuneiform texts. By 1876, he had deciphered one of the hieroglyphics inscribed on stones at Hamath in Syria, by deducing that the profile of a man stood for "I". By his very methodical methods and work he was able in 1882, in a lecture to the Society of Biblical Archaeology in London, to state that the Hittites, far from being a small Canaanite tribe who dealt with the kings of the northern Kingdom of Israel, were the people of a "lost Hittite empire." He and William Wright identified the ruins at Boghazkoy with Hattusa, the capital of a Hittite Empire that stretched from the Aegean Sea to the banks of the Euphrates, centuries before the age of the Old Testament patriarchs.It was a major advance in our understanding of this period of antiquity.
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There are few studies that deal with an overall treatment of the Hittite administrative system, and various other works on its offices and officials have tended to be limited in scope, focusing only on certain groups or certain time periods. This book provides a comprehensive investigation of the administrative organization of the Hittite state throughout its history (ca. 1650-1180 BCE) with particular emphasis on the state offices and their officials. Bringing together previous works and updating with data recovered in recent years, the study presents a detailed survey of the high offices of the state, a prosopographical study of about 140 high officials, and a theoretical analysis of the Hittite administration in respect to factors such as hierarchy, kinship, and diachronical changes.
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This second edition of Historical Dictionary of the Hittites contains a chronology, an introduction, an appendix, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 400 cross-referenced entries on important people, places, essential institutions, and significant aspects of the society, government, economy, material culture, and warfare.
Hittites --- Civilization --- History
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Hittites. --- Chatti --- Kheta --- Khita --- Indo-Europeans
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This pioneering study examines the use of blood to purge the effects of sin and impurity in Hittite and biblical ritual. The idea that blood atones for sins holds a prominent place in both Jewish and Christian traditions. The author traces this notion back to its earliest documentation in the fourteenth- and thirteenth-century B.C.E. texts from Hittite Anatolia, in which the smearing of blood is used as a means of expiation, purification, and consecration. This rite parallels, in both its procedure and goals, the biblical sin offering. The author argues that this practice stems from a common tradition manifested in both cultures. In addition, this book aims to decipher and elucidate the symbolism of the practice of blood smearing by seeking to identify the sociocultural context in which the expiatory significance of blood originated. Thus, it is essential reading for anyone interested in the meaning and efficacy of ritual, the origins of Jewish and Christian notions of sin and atonement, and the origin of the biblical blood rite.
Blood in the Bible. --- Blood --- Ritual. --- Hittites --- Religious aspects. --- Religion.
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Hittites --- History. --- Tell el-Amarna tablets. --- Syria --- History
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This book provides the general reader with an account of the diverse and often highly complex oracular techniques which made verbal communication with the gods possible. As negative oracles and omens were mostly an expression of divine anger, skilled experts attempt to divert the anger by ritual magic means and thus to correct the future or transgressions from the past. The topic of ""Hittite mantics"" has hitherto been largely neglected, except in specialist literature, although mantics was of supreme importance for Hittite society and was closely bound up with politics and cult.
Hittite cults. --- Hittites --- Oracles, Hittite. --- Hittite oracles --- Rites and ceremonies --- Cults --- Rites and ceremonies. --- Cult. --- Hittites. --- Oracle.
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This work explores how the Hittite kings ruled a vast network of subject territories and vassal states reaching from the Aegean coast of Anatolia through Syria to the river Euphrates. It looks at how, in the 14th century BC, they became the supreme political power in the Near East.
Hettieten --- Hittieten --- Hittites --- Civilization --- Civilisation --- Hittites. --- Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- Middle East --- Chatti --- Kheta --- Khita --- Indo-Europeans
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Art, Hittite. --- Gods, Hittite. --- Hittites --- Gods, Hittite --- Chatti --- Kheta --- Khita --- Indo-Europeans --- Hittite gods --- Hittite art --- Religion. --- Art. --- Antiquities. --- Religion --- Turkey --- Hittites - Religion --- Gods, Hittite - Art
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